Design of a Wideband Inductively Coupled Loop Feed Patch Antenna for UHF RFID Tag

A planar wideband patch antenna for ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) tag for metallic applications is presented in this research work. Three different shape patches are inductively coupled to a triangle loop to form wide impedance bandwidth for universal application UHF (860-960 MHz) RFID. The structure of proposed antenna exhibits planar profile to provide ease of fabrication for cost reduction well suited for mass production. The simulation of the antenna was carried out using Finite Element Method (FEM) based software, Ansoft HFSS v13. The simulated and measured impedance bandwidth of 113 MHz and 117 MHz (Return Loss≥6 dB) were achieved to cover the entire UHF RFID operating frequency band worldwide. The simulated and measured radiation patterns at the operating frequency of 915 MHz are in good agreement. Moreover the simulated minimum antenna gain at the bore sight direction in free space and when mounted on 200 x 200 mm2 metal plate are -15 dBi and -14dBi respectively which is enough to provide reasonable read range over the entire UHF RFID system operating band

Design of an Interdigital Structure Planar Bandpass Filter for UWB Frequency

A new topology of miniaturized interdigital structuremicrostrip planar bandpass filter for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) frequency has been discussed in this paper. The proposed design and its simulation have been carried out by using an electromagnetic simulation software named CST microwave studio. The Taconic TLX-8 microwave substrate has been used in this research. The experimental result and analysis have been performed by using the microwave vector network analyzer. The experimental result showed that the -10dB bandwidth of the filter is 7.5GHz. The lower and upper corner frequencies of the filter have been achieved at 3.1GHz and 10.6GHz respectively. At the center frequency of 6.85GHz, the -1dB insertion loss and the -7dB return losshave been observed. The simulated and experimental results are well agreed with a compact size filter of 19×21×0.5mm3

Bridge scour monitoring by coupling factor between reader and Tag antennas of RFID system

Bridge scour is an erosion which remove s stream bed or bank material from bridge foundation due to flowing of water. Too much bridge scour is risky for the bridge foundation and cause s sudden bridge to collapse without any warning. It implements significant impacts on the traveling public safety as well as the economy of the country . A number of parameters are associated with scour, thus different types of sensors are required to measur e the individual affecting factor. A complex and expensive data logging from sensor and electronic communication system s are used to monitor the br idge scour in real - time to ensure the integrity of bridge structure. A high frequency band (13.56MHz) radio f requenc y identification (RFID) system ha s been proposed and that has been validated by simulation using PSpice software for the direct scour monitoring scheme , which is simple and low - cost . A number of passive RFID tag s have been piled surrounding the brid ge foundation which is continuously detected by the FRID reader . The erosion of the river bed carries out the RFID tag from nearby the bridge structure . A s a result , the RFID reader can directly detect the absence of the tag s as well as the amount of the s couring. Since, the design structure of the RFID system is simple , it is highly robust and easy to implement. The system can easily be implement ed with an existing bridge structure and a wireless telemetry can be used to send the real - time data from the pr oposed system to a desktop computer in the monitoring la

Characteristics Analysis of Electrostatic Generator

Due to the demand of the modern era, now electricity has become an important factor in every sector in our life. Almost everywhere the electromagnetic induction technique is used to generate the electrical power. Once upon a time, the electrostatic induction technique was used to generate the electrical power. Unfortunately, there is little information about the mathematical modeling and characteristics of static electricity generators. A Wimshurst electrostatic generator of disk diameter 34.0 cm has been designed and experimentally study the characteristics to find the optimized condition for maximum output power. From the results, it has been found that the generator has maximum performance when the conductor segment length about 30% of the diameter of the disk. The machine performance has intensely depended on the total surface area of the conducting material and slightly relied on the number of sectors/segments

An approach of differential capacitor sensor for landslide monitoring

A lot of lives and properties are lost in every year all over the world, due to various geological catastrophes, landslide or land - slip is among one of them. Nowadays, both manual and electronic monitoring systems ar e used to predic t the landslide . The manual monitoring system is laborious, has many limitations and most of the cases it is not practicable. Conversely, most of the electronic systems are complex and expensive. Most of the natural calamities occur without prior notice as a result, it damages the monitoring instrument as well. The monitoring sensor system should be planned as a spread network with a simple positional identification device such as RFID; hence the system can send the real time data without interrupt. In addi tion, the network should have a self - recovery, self - directed operation and actual data transmission facility in a critical situation. A distributed node network needs a lot of sensors with complex structure and it is expensive too. This paper describes a s imple and low cost system which comprises an underground pretension cable with a capacitor gauge sensor attached at one end. A wireless sensor network has been proposed for a simple landslide monitoring system using RFID. The sensing node network can opera te by initializing mode, measuring mode and urgent mode. The system is able to select automatically any one of the operating mode depending on the situation , which makes it a robust and dynamic control of real time data transmission system. A mathematical model has been developed for the system and verified by simulation. The result shows that an early prediction of the landslide is possible by using the proposed system

Comparative data compression techniques and multi-compression results

Data compression is very necessary in business data processing, because of the cost savings that it offers and the large volume of data manipulated in many business applications. It is a method or system for transmitting a digital image (i.e., an array of pixels) from a digital data source to a digital data receiver. More the si ze of the data be smaller, it provides better transmission speed and saves time. In this communic ation, we always want to transmit data efficiently and noise freely. This paper will provi de some compression techniques for lossless text type data compression and comparative result o f multiple and single compression, that will help to find out better compression output and to dev elop compression algorithms

Energy-efficient scalable routing protocol based on ACO for WSNS

Efficient routing is an essential requirement for the design of wireless sensor network (WSN) protocols to overcome inherent challenges and to meet hardware and resource constraints. An energy-efficient scalable routing algorithm based on ant colony optimization (ACO) for WSNs is presented here to find the optimal path of data transmission while consuming less energy leading to increase of network’s lifetime. Most of the existing ACO based routing algorithms are designed on the assumption that the sensor nodes and the sinks are stationary and do not consider the overhead of mobility and the current node energy is not considered, which will prompt sudden passing of certain nodes. To overcome the existing problem of accommodating node mobility, reducing initialization time for ant based routing algorithm and to maintain scalability in WSN for time critical applications, an ACO based WSN routing algorithm has been proposed and analyzed in this paper. The proposed algorithm has been simulated and verified utilizing MATLAB. The evaluation results demonstrate that it has reduced energy consumption, almost 50% less consumed energy even with the increasing number of nodes, compared with the traditional ACO and an existing ant-based routing algorithm. Moreover, it increases the nodes’ lifetime and lifetime of the network

A novel bio-inspired routing algorithm based on ACO for WSNs

The methods to achieve efficient routing in energy constrained wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a fundamental issue in networking research. A novel approach of ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm for discovering the optimum route for information transmission in the WSNs is proposed here for optimization and enhancement. The issue of path selection to reach the nodes and vital correspondence parameters, for example, the versatility of nodes, their constrained vitality, the node residual energy and route length are considered since the communications parameters and imperatives must be taken into account by the imperative systems that mediate in the correspondence procedure, and the focal points of the subterranean insect framework have been utilized furthermore. Utilizing the novel technique and considering both the node mobility and the existing energy of the nodes, an optimal route and best cost from the originating node to the target node can be detected. The proposed algorithm has been simulated and verified using MATLAB and the simulation results demonstrate that new ACO based algorithm achieved improved performance, about 30% improvement compared with the traditional ACO algorithm, and faster convergence to determine the best cost route, and recorded an improvement in the energy consumption of the nodes per transmission

Low noise inverter for poly phase microgrid system

The inverter is a power electronics device which changes DC voltage to AC voltage or vice versa. The synchronous phase inverter is used in the microgrid system to connect the renewable energy sources of minimum phase error. For a high-efficiency power transmission and distribution system, a three-phase inverter is used. The electronic switches of the inverter are controlled by a controller circuit which can be a two-level pulse width modulation (PWM), phase lock loop (PLL) controller, etc. A fixed reference DC voltage and current generators are used for a stable input-output voltage and current to reduce the higher harmonic distortions. An LC lowpass filter has been designed and simulated for the input and output of the system by using MATLAB2014a. The input filter is utilized to reduce the AC ripple component in the DC input supply, and the output filter is used to reduce the higher frequency harmonic distortion from the inverter output supply to maintain the IEEE standard THD < 5%. A balanced microgrid star configuration load and the input DC voltage of ± 250V have been considered in this design. The overall conversion efficiency of the inverter is 97.62% and THD <5%. The results show that the design has better performance and can be used efficiently in the microgrid system

A planar wideband microstrip patch antenna for UHF RFID tag

In this research, a planar wideband microstrip patch antenna for passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is proposed. To enable universal operation by covering the operating frequency of ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID band from 860 MHz to 960 MHz, two C-shaped patches are employed. Both of the patches are inductively coupled fed by a rectangular loop feeding network for complex impedance matching with the referenced microchip impedance. The proposed antenna is designed for tagging metallic objects. To simplify the fabrication process and to reduce cost, a planar antenna structure is chosen over multi or cross layered configuration. The simulation and measurement results show impedance bandwidth of 159 MHz and 155 MHz (Return loss ≥ 3 dB) respectively when mounted on metal plate